tech

February 28, 2026

Google quantum-proofs HTTPS by squeezing 2.5kB of data into 64-byte space

Merkle Tree Certificate support is already in Chrome. Soon, it will be everywhere.

Google quantum-proofs HTTPS by squeezing 2.5kB of data into 64-byte space

TL;DR

  • Google is implementing quantum-resistant HTTPS certificates in Chrome.
  • Traditional quantum-resistant cryptographic data is too large (2.5kB) for current internet protocols.
  • Merkle Trees are used to reduce the size of this data to approximately 64 bytes.
  • This approach avoids slowing down internet handshakes and degrading middle boxes.
  • The new system is part of Google's quantum-resistant root store initiative.
  • Merkle Tree Certificates (MTCs) use a 'Tree Head' signed by a Certificate Authority, with browsers receiving lightweight proofs.
  • This is a response to potential future attacks on current encryption methods by quantum computers.
  • The system is currently being tested by Cloudflare, with plans for Certificate Authorities to eventually manage the ledgers.

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