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February 16, 2026
Ancient Mars was warm and wet, not cold and icy
Kaolinite pebbles show evidence of alteration under high rainfall conditions.

TL;DR
- A new study suggests Mars was warm and wet billions of years ago, contradicting the cold and icy theory.
- Analysis of kaolinite pebbles in Jezero crater, found by the Perseverance rover, shows alteration by water under persistent rainfall.
- The pebbles are depleted in iron and magnesium and enriched in titanium and aluminum, suggesting alteration under modest temperatures and heavy rainfall, not hydrothermal environments.
- These conditions are comparable to past greenhouse climates on Earth and may represent the wettest and most habitable portions of Mars' history.
- The findings have implications for the possibility of life developing on early Mars.
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