Dylan Patel – Anthropic & OpenAI will have most of the world’s compute by 2028

"Every force is screeching towards centralization."

TL;DR

  • Anthropic and OpenAI are expected to control most of the world's usable compute within a few years.
  • The shift from inference to training is accelerating as RSI approaches.
  • Massive AI capital expenditure, potentially exceeding $10 trillion by 2030, could trigger a sovereign debt crisis.
  • Hyperscaler debt may drive up interest rates, leading to bankruptcies in non-AI countries and a crash in non-AI equities.
  • Forces driving centralization in the AI industry include economies of scale in training, compute scarcity, and continual learning.
  • The ability of labs to monetize compute better than others allows them to outbid competitors for resources.
  • China currently accounts for less than 10% of new compute deployment.
  • There is debate on whether anything can counter the trend towards AI industry centralization.